The Major Series Race

The Major Series Race for Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis

dave-grieves

In memory of Dave Grieves who sadly passed away earlier this year.

Action For Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal disease with no cure affecting 15,000 people in the UK. Most survive fewer than 5 years from diagnosis. It gradually destroys the lungs and makes breathing impossible. Your donation will help us to support patients and assist research into effective treatments.

Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis is currently incurable and when diagnosed life expectancy is between 3 and 5 years.

http://www.actionpulmonaryfibrosis.org/

Info@actionpulmonaryfibrosis.org

Simon Grieves Story

“Earlier this year my dad sadly passed away at the age of just 58 as his idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis took an acute turn.

Myself, Jay Hurley & my uncle, Kevin Walsh, are competing in the Major Series 10km race at Ragley Hall, Alcester, Warwickshire, B49 5NJ, on Saturday 22nd October to help raise funds & awareness for Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis Charity”.

Details of the race can be found through the link below;

https://www.britmilfit.com/major-series/events/midlands/

Every donation is massively appreciated!

Thanks for taking the time to read this, visit Simons JustGiving page & wish them luck!

https://www.justgiving.com/fundraising/dave-grieves

Donating through JustGiving is simple, fast and totally secure. Your details are safe with JustGiving – they’ll never sell them on or send unwanted emails. Once you donate, they’ll send your money directly to the charity. So it’s the most efficient way to donate – saving time and cutting costs for the charity.


Dropbox uses Jobify to find candidates across three continents—without breaking the bank.

Literacy and Numeracy Tests

Literacy and numeracy tests are often a requirement for the recruitment process in many industries. Here at Very Important Personnel, we feel that practicing such tests prior to an interview is a no-brainer. Practicing the tests will help to familiarise yourself with the look and feel of the tests. It will also provide an opportunity to revise the different content areas covered by the tests.

 

Based on previous experiences and feedback provided to us by clients and candidates, we have found that those candidates who spent 20 minutes completing practice tests online, proved a higher success rate compared to those who didn’t. Sometime even just a glimpse at similar questions can help you know what to expect as opposed to being surprised on the day.
Many of our clients require candidates to complete a literacy and or numeracy test at interview stage. We are providing candidates the chance to trial similar tests in order to prepare for the real thing. The tests that we provide are not necessarily exactly the same, nor can we recreate the test environment that you may be faced with, however we have tried to give you examples of similar questions to ones that you may be asked in typical Literacy and numeracy tests.

 

Often, tests will be timed. We are not adding a timer to our practice tests, however for an extra challenge, we recommend setting a 15 or 20 minute timer to the tests and see how you get on.

 

To make things simple, we have split the test into separate literacy and numeracy tests. This way, if practice is needed in a certain area such as numeracy, it is possible to answer just numeracy questions. We still recommend that both tests are revised as they are normally merged together in actual tests.

 

Below are our Literacy and Numeracy tests. So if you have a test coming up or simply just want to brush up on your Maths and English skills, click the links below to test yourself. We will send you your answers to the email address you provide.

 

Literacy test.
This section tests your ability to identify main points in a text and distinguish between facts and opinions. Some question may require you to identify correct grammar or even

 

Numeracy test.
This section tests your mental arithmetic ability. Questions may not always be difficult equations, but instead a passage of test in which you must find the answer. The questions are varied but normally include answers that relate to time; money; fractions, decimals and percentages; proportion and ratio measurements (eg distance, area); averages and so forth.

 


The Journey of Very Important Personnel

The Journey of Very Important Personnel started on the 7th March 2014. So on the 7th March 2016, we celebrated V.I.Personnel’s second Birthday. Although still very young, the company had its reasons for celebrating. Two years in Business in one of the most competitive markets and still thriving. Although two years doesn’t seem a long time, when we look back and see what we have accomplished, the hundreds of local individuals that we have helped, developed and secured Jobs for, it suddenly seems a very short amount of time indeed.

Starting from nothing two years ago, our Director Samantha Jones made a decision to go it alone after realising that she wanted to help people find work in her own way. She devised a plan to setup a Recruitment company that was to take the West Midlands by storm and compete with some of the leading High Street Recruiting firms. The company quickly erupted and after just 3 short weeks, local businesses were climbing aboard to use Samantha’s services and 5 candidates were placed in their new roles.

As things quickly developed, Dan Haddock joined the team to help drive the business further and assist Samantha in helping the locals find work. Daniel came from a background in sales and with his Estate Agency work completed, his transferable skills became fixed on Recruitment.

By the beginning of 2015, more and more companies were using V.I.Personnel and candidates were not only using us to find work, but to also develop their Skills. V.I.Personnel wanted to help individuals with their CV’s, provide advice on how to prepare for interviews and where their skills could be put to good use. As a result, people were not just finding work, but finding jobs they were good at but more importantly, enjoyed.

By the end of the second year, Samantha and Daniel managed to build a portfolio of clients that continue to use V.I.Personnel for their recruitment, many of which on an exclusive basis, but the success didn’t happen overnight, instead, through hard work and determination. This is a message we want to plant in each and every candidate: Try hard, work harder and eventually you will reap the benefits.

As we enter the third year, we endeavour to build even more professional relationships with local companies, help more individuals develop skills and find work but more importantly grow V.I.Personnel into an even bigger success.

On behalf of the team at V.I.Personnel, we thank everybody who continues to support our cause and have shared the Journey of Very Important Personnel with us. We would like to congratulate all of the successful candidates whom we have helped this past two years, but also, we welcome all prospective clients and candidates into the V.I.P world in 2016 and beyond.

 

For Jobs from Very Important Personnel, head to http://www.reed.co.uk/jobs/birmingham?cached=True&pageno=2&keywords=B2B+Sales&agency=True 


Job Interview good impression

Top 5 Interview Questions – V.I.Personnel

Amber Rolfe, Author at Reed.co.uk, hit the nail on the head with these top 5 interview questions and providing examples of how to and how not to answer them. From our experience as a recruiter and speaking to countless candidates and employers, the 5 interview questions Amber picked out are among the most asked questions at an interview.

More questions like these can be found in James reed’s best-selling book (Why You?: 101 Interview Questions You’ll Never Fear Again) which is now available and makes a very interesting read but more importantly will help you secure your next job.

In no particular order, here are the Top 5 Interview Questions. 

Please describe the job you’ve applied for.

The difference between success and failure at an interview often comes down to whether a candidate knows when to stop talking.

This question is a perfect example. Your interviewee’s first reaction could be to say as much as they possibly can about the role, in the hope that a large amount of memorised facts will impress.

Or instead, they might take the chance to demonstrate their ability to summarise information. The best candidates will accurately be able to sum up the ‘essence’ of the job, rather than each individual duty it involves.

A short, succinct answer, which shows you that they’ve not only done their research, but they’ve also developed an understanding of the most important aspects of the role, is the perfect answer.

Good answer: “As an Airline Pilot, my job involves flying passengers safely, on time, in comfort, and at a profit to the employer”

Bad answer: “Why don’t you describe it for me? You’d probably be better at it.”

 

Why do you want to work at this company?

In other words, are they a genuine fan of your company, or have they just re-read your ‘About Us’ page 17 times directly before the interview?

Candidates that can demonstrate that they have a real interest in your business are the ones that’ll really impress. If they can show they’ve done their homework, and can provide relevant examples to back their reasons for wanting to work for your company, you’re probably onto a winner.

For extra points, the best candidates may even reference subjects such as recent news stories, press releases, and expansion plans on their site, as relevant areas for discussion in interview.

Steer clear of those who focus on what your company could do for them, and look for the candidates who can explain what they can do for you instead.

If they can prove how their contribution could add to your success, then you’re going in the right direction to finding the perfect fit for the job.

Good answer: “Aside from your company’s reputation as an industry-leader in your field, the thing that excites me most about working here is your expansion plans over the next two years. I’d love to work for such an ambitious business, and I think that my [quantifiable expertise] would be a beneficial addition to help it continue to succeed.”

Bad answer: “Two words: Employee. Discount.”

 

What is your dream job?

When candidates hear this question, they may automatically feel the need to refer back to some unobtainable childhood dream that has no relation to the job they’re applying for. Needless to say, this isn’t going to help you figure out their true career goals.

Look for candidates that bring it back to reality by opting for a real-world job, which results in a dream-like outcome. The top answers will involve candidates explaining how their job role would create the best impact possible, whilst relating back to their personal aspirations or the job title itself.

Just lookout for clichés. It’s highly doubtful that the job you’re advertising is exactly the same as the one they’ve dreamed about since they were five years old.

As nice as that would be for everyone involved…

Good answer:  “My dream job would be one where I communicate with customers, use my expertise to solve their problems and make everyone who meets me go home happy.”

Bad answer: “I’ve always wanted to own my own boat and just sail around the ocean for a while. I know it’s not technically a job, but I could fish for my food so I’d be a… Professional travelling fisherman?”

 

What motivates you?

Translation: are they here because they’re passionate about the position, or are they just in it for the paycheque?

A good candidate will be able to explain what kind of tasks they’re enthusiastic about, and link back them back to the job. They’ll also have a solid idea about what they want out of their next career move.

However, be wary of candidates who opt for more trivial motivations, such as an intense dislike for their current job. These answers are always unlikely to be offered by motivated workers.

And don’t be fooled by anyone who gets unnecessarily excited over every detail – they’re almost always faking it.

Good answer: “I went straight into IT after University, and my true motivation was realised when I got to work on a project that assessed software tools against our own needs. I found that I really loved translating people’s requirements into technical solutions. I felt I was helping to make people’s lives easier, and at the same time I got a sense of fulfilment from working out the answer to a puzzle. That’s what interests me about this role…”

Bad answer: “This job pays the most out of all of the ones I applied to. Which company is this again?”

 

Why do you want to leave your current job?

There are many reasons why a candidate might be leaving their current job, and chances are the reasoning won’t be massively positive.

This is understandable. But as long as the candidate is honest and doesn’t appear to be hiding something, in theory, they should be able to do well at answering this question.

And it’s not all about them. They need to accurately demonstrate that they can solve your problem – in this case, your job vacancy. Those that focus on this above their individual needs indicate that they realise the importance of task at hand; an ideal answer would be linked to the job they’re interviewing for and highlight what would be expected of them.

It’s also a good sign if candidates choose to use pros of the job they’re interviewing for as reasons to leave their current job. Positive comparisons indicate they’re able to look on the bright side, and are ready to move on in their career and leave any negativity behind.

Remember: the most desirable candidates are always running towards something – not running away.

Good answer: “You’re doing a lot of biotechnology investments here. I think biotechnology is the future, and I find it fun too. I do like what I’m doing now; but it’s not quite biotechnology, although it’s closely related. On a personal note, I’ve always thought it best to change roles before reaching a plateau. I’ve decided now feels like the right time for a move.”

Bad answer: “I probably shouldn’t talk about it. But basically, my boss had it in for me from the beginning…”

 

Post Courtesy of Amber Rolfe, Author at www.Reed.co.uk


7 Steps to Planning Your Job Search

Searching for a new job is almost a full-time job, as it takes hard work, time and commitment to succeed.  So the last thing you want to do is to send out hundreds of resumes and wait for a reply that may never come, so it’s important that you are organised and know how to go about your search. In today’s fiercely competitive market, you need to have a strategic plan for your job search before you actually begin the search, from where to look, to identifying the specific kind of roles you want to apply for. Here are 7 steps that should follow when planning your job search.

 

  1. Ask yourself why you are looking for a new job.

 

Are you looking for a new job because you hate your current field of work? Or is it because you have become so good at your job that you no longer feel challenged in the role you are currently in and need to step up and find something more stimulating.

 

 

 

  1. Think about what you are looking for.

 

Figure out what you want to do AND what you don’t want to do. Even though you may feel quite strongly about wanting to get out of your current job, it’s still very important for you to take your time to do some planning before launching into your job hunt. At the very least, you should know which fields or industries you are interested in, and what types of positions you are suitable for.

 

  1. Know your strengths and weaknesses.

 

Now that you have a rough idea of what you’re looking for, do you have what it takes to work in those particular fields or positions? What are you good at? Don’t wait until the job interview to figure these out. You’ll have to highlight them in your resume or you may not even be invited for an interview.

 

  1. Do your initial research.

 

Find out what opportunities are out there in the fields that you’re interested in. Take a look at the job boards, or even company websites of businesses you are interested in. Some job openings are not advertised, so if you know people who are already working in those fields, talk to them. Even though they may not have a job to offer you, they may be able to point you in the right direction or spread the word that you are actively looking for a job. This type of networking has proven to be very helpful throughout the job search process.

 

  1. Set aside time to do the search.

 

Don’t “find time” for job searching, make time! Set aside a couple of hours a day for job searching and make sure it is your sole focus for that time. Make it your “job”.

 

  1. Set measurable goals.

 

Your ultimate goal is to land a job, but before you get there, you’ve got work to do. Set weekly goals for yourself, based on the number of applications to send out, the number of company websites to check out, etc. It will help you to stay motivated and give you a feeling of achievement each time you meet a goal.

 

  1. Practice your interview techniques.

 

Even though you haven’t been granted an interview yet, you should be prepared. List out some of the common interview questions and practice, practice, and practice! This way when you are invited for an interview you feel confident and ready to impress!

 

Post courtesy of Undercover Recruiter @UndercoverRec

http://theundercoverrecruiter.com


How to take control of a Job Interview

We all rehearse the obvious questions like “What are your Strengths/weaknesses”, or “What makes you different”, but what about if you are asked to explain how to change a Bicycle tyre”? Sounds completely Irrelevant doesn’t it? It’s not! It is common for your Interviewer to try and put you on your back foot. They will often fire questions at you that are designed to keep you on your toes, mainly to expose your weaknesses.  It is really important that you teach yourself how to expect the unexpected, and more importantly how to answer such questions. Here are some simple tips on how to take control of a job interview and remain one step ahead of your interviewer.

Serve the ball to them.

Following your introduction to your interviewer, start the interview with an offer to run through your CV. This allows you to immediately take control of the conversation and show off your most important attributes/skills/experiences. First impressions count and by making a good strong start to an interview will normally boost your confidence and set the pace of the interview.

Throw them a curveball or two.

Keep in mind that an interview is not just about your future employer finding the right candidate, it’s also about finding the right job that suits you. Many people forget that an interview works both ways. You are there to ask questions too!  So, instead of letting your interviewer swamp you with questions ask them what they enjoy about working there. Find out the ins and outs of how the company operates. This shows interest and initiative, doing this right will often make you more desirable to the employer but at the same time you are standing your ground and making a point that you are not desperate for the job.

Master the Polite Cut-In

As Denise Taylor mentioned in a Live Q&A about how to succeed at an interview, wait for the interviewer to take a breath and cut in with a comment about responding to what they have already said. A polite interruption and careful use of body language can help you regain control of the conversation.

Don’t be Intimidated

From my experience, many employers like to sit you in front of the company Director or Manager at some point during the interview stage. A lot of employers like to use multiple interviewers as an intimidation technique. Do not get nervous. Treat these interviewers the same way you would anyone else. The only difference is they are often more focused on getting through the interview as quickly as possible, making it crucial for you to take and keep control of the interview process. A commonly used technique to avoid being intimidated is to imagine these people with no pants on. Although be careful not to break out into a laughing fit halfway through!

Return the ball to them

One of the biggest mistakes to make in an interview is to not ask any questions. Make the interview about them. Ask questions that will give you more of an insight into the company, the people that work there. It is surprising how many interviewers tell me that candidates have answered all of the questions well but never asked any questions themselves, making them believe that they had no interest in the company.

 

Be prepared for their return

Answer questions as completely and personally as possible. No matter how strange the questions may be in an interview, there will always be at least one or two competency based questions. If you do not know the answer or if the question is inappropriate, do not be afraid to ask for clarification. It is important that you are not drawn into a question without understanding what they are trying to find out. For example.

Q.”If you were put into a situation with two colleagues and you had to choose one side of the dispute, what would you do”?

  1. Instead of answering with a direct approach, decide what they are trying to discover about your personality. In this case they may be trying to see how confrontational or responsible you are. A good answer would be to explain a similar situation that has occurred in a previous job and how you dealt with it appropriately.

When you control the flow of the interview, you increase the opportunity to make a good impression. Active and engaged communication shows how interested you are, and preparation displays your ability to anticipate and respond accordingly. Do not let the job interview drag on in a long discussion of your shortcomings. If this is the case, remember to use your polite cut-in technique, or draw the interviewers attention to a more positive discussion of your successes and lessons learned.


The Average Salary

The average salary for workers in the UK is expected to rise by 3% in 2016 which is great news for us all and shows real sign of growth as an economy. Some workers can anticipate their pay to grow more than others. That is according to Robert Half’s new 2016 Salary Guide. It suggests that the average salary in the UK will increase by 3% in 2016, up from 2015’s 2.6%.

Thinking of starting a career in Finance or IT? It may be a good time to do so. Jobs within these sectors are expecting salary rises between 5.7% and 7.4% in 2016, a huge rise gap between other sectors. There are reasons for the dramatic increase. There are definitely skill shortages and year after year, less skilled professionals available to these industries.

For instance, Gibbs S3 recently warned that the skills shortage in cyber security sectors has reached a crisis point.

Phil Sheridan is the Senior Managing Director at Robert Half UK. He explained: “The greatest salary increases are a clear indication of where the imbalance between supply and demand is highest.

“This is creating upward pressure on salaries for hard-to-fill roles such as applications developers, compliance experts, and information security managers; who are so essential to organisations operating in today’s fast-evolving yet tightly regulated commercial environment.

“Employers are having to move quickly to secure the best candidates and are offering other benefits to attract top professionals such as flexible working, annual leave and career breaks.”

 

Robert Half has created a list of the ten jobs expected to receive the biggest pay rise in the upcoming year. You can read the full list below.

1. Mobile Applications Developer

Expected salary increase: +7.4%

Expected salary: £32,500 – £61,500

2. Web Developer

Expected salary increase: +7.3%

Expected salary: £36,500 – £55,000

3. Junior Compliance Associate

Expected salary increase: +6.8%

Expected salary: £22,500 – £36,500

4. Information Security Manager

Expected salary increase: +6.6%

Expected salary: £63,250 – £97,000

5. Operation Risk Manager

Expected salary increase: +5.7%

Expected salary: £53,500 – £90,500

6. Financial Controller

Expected salary increase: +3.9%

Expected salary: £76,500 – £104,500

7. Senior Finance Manager

Expected salary increase: +3.7%

Expected salary: £54,250 – £64,750

8. Financial Business Partner

Expected salary increase: +3.6%

Expected salary: £47,000 – £59,750

9. Regulatory Accountant

Expected salary increase: +3.5%

Expected salary: £55,250 – £78,500

10. Qualified Management/Financial Accountant

Expected salary increase: +3.5%

Expected salary: £44,500 – £59,750


Midland Metro services to return to Birmingham city centre

Trams will return to the streets of Birmingham for the first time in more than 60 years when Midland Metro services start running into the city centre on December 6.

The announcement by Centro will see passengers taken directly to a new stop in Bull Street as the first step in the opening of the £128 million city centre tram extension.

Traders gearing up for the busy festive shopping period also issued a resounding ‘Open for Business’ message today after Centro announced a scaling back of tram works in the run up to Christmas.

Services will run to the new Bull Street stop from Snow Hill from December 6 while works further down the line will be scaled back over Christmas following talks with city centre traders.

The decision has been taken in order to minimise disruption in the crucial festive trading period and provide the best Christmas shopping experience possible for the millions of visitors expected to pour into the city over the coming weeks.

However, those visitors will see trams running along Corporation Street to New Street Station as Centro aims to carry out testing and commissioning of the entire 0.7 mile (1.2km) extension during December.

Passenger services to New Street Station will start once all infrastructure work and test running has been successfully completed.

Centro chief executive Geoff Inskip said: “We recognise this is a vital time of year for retailers and they need to provide the most attractive shopping environment possible, which is why we have scaled back our works.

“Doing so shows Birmingham is very much open for business and can lay on a truly magical festive atmosphere for everyone coming to the city.

“There has been a tremendous effort from everyone involved in this project with people working around the clock in recent weeks. I would particularly like to thank Retail Birmingham for all its support and co-operation.

“It is because of that hard work that we will be able to start running trams into the city centre at Bull Street before Christmas.

“However, as with all tram extensions through city centres at the moment there are always unforeseen challenges and that makes it difficult to give an exact date for when we will run trams to New Street Station.”

Trams last ran on the streets of Birmingham city centre in 1953.

Centro’s decision to reduce construction work has been warmly welcomed by Retail Birmingham, which is hoping for bumper Christmas crowds again this year.

The organisation, which represents city centre businesses, said the Frankfurt Christmas Market alone attracted more than 5.5 million visitors last year, helping to generate a major shot in the arm for the local economy.

Jonathan Cheetham, the chair of Retail Birmingham, said: “We are delighted that Centro have considered the needs of businesses in Birmingham in this vital trading period.

“We are looking forward to the New Year and the delivery of the tram through to New Street in yet another phase in the aspirations to achieve world class connectivity in transport throughout the city.”

The £128 million tram extension, which includes a £40 million fleet of new trams, is expected to create more than 1,300 sustainable new jobs and boost the regional economy by more than £50 million a year.

Work has already begun on extending the route from New Street Station to Centenary Square with services expected to start running in 2019.

Outline funding approval is also earmarked to extend the route still further along Broad Street, past Five Ways and on to Edgbaston by 2021.

The route of a further extension through Digbeth has also been chosen, running between the Bull Street/Corporation Street, via Albert Street and on to the forthcoming HS2 high speed rail station at Curzon Street.

From there it would go along New Canal Street and Meriden Street into High Street Deritend, stopping at Digbeth Coach Station and the Custard Factory. It is anticipated the line could be open by 2023.

 

Post Courtesy of www.centro.org.uk


Donkey Sanctuary Christmas Fair: Contributions needed

 

 

What: Sutton Coldfield Donkey Sanctuary Christmas Fair

Where: Donkey Sanctuary, Sutton Park (Town Gate entrance), B74 2YT

When: 12th December 10.30am-3pm

 

Sutton Coldfield’s Donkey Sanctuary is appealing for contributions towards their 2015 Christmas Fair.

 

The charity relies entirely on voluntary donations and is currently inviting donations or equipment to help build their Christmas grotto. In addition good quality new & nearly new items and prizes are needed for stalls & raffles on the day.

 

Sara Gee, a riding instructor at the Donkey Sanctuary said:

 

“Our major fund raiser of the year is our Christmas Fair and grotto. Donations of good quality items and potential prizes for the raffle and tombola are always welcome.

 

“On the day of the Christmas Fair our grotto will be open to the public for one day only. The grotto will be a wheelchair friendly Alice in Wonderland theme where children can meander through a forest to Santa’s den.”

 

The Donkey Sanctuary Birmingham is an assisted therapy centre offering therapy and outreach visits to children and adults with additional needs in the local community. The centre located in Sutton Park, Sutton Coldfield has been open since 1994.

 

Sara went on to explain:

 

“The benefits of donkeys assisted therapy are many and we find it works very well for autistic children too. Many other equine therapy centres exist but few use donkeys who are ideally suited to KS1 & 2 children with their gentle caring nature.

 

“Donkeys and the people who rely on them, [for their livelihoods or to help them cope with physical, mental and emotional challenges], lie at the heart of everything we do.”

 

Sue Brennan, centre manager added:

 

“I couldn’t have found a more enjoyable job. I work at a centre which gives the children not only therapy and enjoyment but a unique experience. I get a lot of enjoyment out of watching the children progress.”

 

The Donkey Sanctuary Fair takes place on 12th December 10.30am-3pm at Town Gate, Sutton Coldfield, B74 2YT.

For further details, please call the Centre on 0121 354 9444.

By Emma O’Hanlon

www.suttoncoldfieldlocal.co.uk


Data to Wisdom

The process from Data to wisdom according to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:

 

Wisdom is evaluated understanding, including philosophical and ethical probing. It depends on the previous four levels and is usually future orientated and it embodies an appreciation that much will remain unknown and unknowable.

 

Insight and Understanding, a synthesis of new knowledge and information, an appreciation of why things are the way they are and what would provide the highest leverage for intervention and whole system enhancement.

 

Knowledge requires the consideration of date and information in context to discover how things are working, information is assembled as narrative that enables meaning for those working in and on a system. Prediction based on experimentation if well designed leads to knowledge.

 

Information is data that has been processed to provide answers to who, what, where, when how and why questions. Information is data that has been given meaning by the making of relational connections, this meaning can be useful if correctly applied.

 

Data are mere symbols having no significance beyond their existence, sometimes they are useful. It has no meaning by itself, for instance a spreadsheet which has no explanation which may have duplicated or wrong data within it.